Osmosis is the movement of liquids through a membrane, from areas of high to regions of low concentration. So, if you sprinkle sugar onto ripe strawberries, the concentration of sugar on the outside of the berries becomes very high. The juices will seep out of the strawberries’ cells, through the cell walls (the membrane), and create quite the delectable syrup. Add a few shortcakes and some whipped cream and ….
Strawberry shortcake (gluten free).
Note to self: try strawberries in the greenhouse this winter. Life sciences are next year and osmosis is a key concept.
Note #2: This is also a large part of the answer to the question of, “Why do we get thirsty when we eat salty foods?”
Maud Cheek one of the young spinners in the Drayton Mill, Spartenberg sic, S.C., runs 7 sides. Worked in another mill before she came here. Maud's two sisters Blanche and Grace all in the spinning room with her. Father did not appear to be working. Location: Spartanburg, South Carolina. (Image by Lewis Wickes Hine, from the Library of Congress)
Salvage of the ironclad, USS Cairo, in Vicksburg National Military Park.
Four hours away, Vicksburg, MS. is just within reach for an immersion trip so, since we were in the area, I scoped it out for a future trip. Vicksburg was the final town to fall before the Union could control the Mississippi River and split the Confederacy into two, so it’s historically important. The Vicksburg National Military Park is chock full of monuments and markers that give a good idea about the chaos and carnage of the battle for the town, and even a chance to observe practical application of simple machines and steam engines.
Rifling in a cannon.
The park could complement Shiloh and Corinth quite nicely since Vicksburg’s importance was because of its control of transportation routes, just like with Corinth. It also has the salvage of the USS Cairo, an ironclad sunk during the Civil War. Much of he Hull is still missing so it’s a wonderful chance to see all the mechanisms and engines in a steam powered ship.
Watermill at Grand Gulf Military State Park.
What I found most interesting, however, were the old watermill and farming equipment at Grand Gulf Military Park, about 45 minutes south of Vicksburg. They seem almost in working order, and if you’ve been discussing simple machines, as we have, it’s a great opportunity to see how they were applied in real-life.
One-man submarine with bootlegger's still in background.
The watermill is quite picturesque, making it a great subject for sketching or drawing. I like to combine art and science in this way when possible. Grand Gulf also has a small, submarine used by bootleggers during prohibition which is quite the curious piece of engineering.
[googleMap name=”Grand Gulf Military State Park” description=”Watermill and camping” width=”400″ height=”300″ mapzoom=”8″ mousewheel=”false”]12006 Grand Gulf Rd, Port Gibson, MS[/googleMap]
People, kids and adults, are still adjusting to the privacy implications of sharing information online. Not only are we figuring out what to post for the public on social networking websites like Facebook or our blogs, but we’re also deciding what information we want to give to the websites themselves as companies try to tailor a unique online experience for each of us (as with targeted advertising). Laura Holson has an interesting article under the headline, “Tell-All Generation Learns to Keep Things Offline” about how some young adults are scaling back their online sharing as they realize how potential colleges and employers can use that information, especially negative information.
… people ages 18 to 29 were more apt to monitor privacy settings than older adults are, and they more often delete comments or remove their names from photos so they cannot be identified. Younger teenagers were not included in these studies, and they may not have the same privacy concerns. But anecdotal evidence suggests that many of them have not had enough experience to understand the downside to oversharing. – Holson, 2010.
Sharing is a way to increase transparency, which is often a good thing. Learning more about each other may help create a more peaceful world. But privacy can be equally important. We all make mistakes, say things we should not, do things we shouldn’t, especially when we’re young. When we recognize those mistakes and learn from them, there should come a time when they are not held against us.
The web needs a statue of limitations, say five years, so anything about us on the web that’s older than five years should not count. Or perhaps, just as minors can’t be held fully responsible for their actions under the law, non-adults should be held to a different standard on the web.
It is, however, notoriously difficult to erase anything from the web, and I tend to be quite conservative when it comes to sharing things online. Yet the greatest power of the internet, I believe, is that it is based a philosophy similar to the constructivist approach to education. In education the student is constructing their own learning, whereas on the internet, society is constructing and organizing information in ways that look a lot like learning.
So our class Wiki is private, as are our students’ blogs. They provide safer spaces for students to make mistakes, but gives them that essential experience of constructing the internet, not just taking away.
Child labor comes up when we talk about the industrial revolution. When we discuss its modern incarnations, we usually think about sweatshops in the developing world. Human Rights Watch has a poignant video about child labor in the United States today. Their interviews with migrant farmer children, who are the same age as our middle-schoolers, are heartbreaking.
Everyday choices often have a far-reaching impact because we live in a world that’s so interconnected. I tend to think in terms of the environmental impact of my actions: Do I buy this pair of shoes that may have been made by child labor in China? If I get a new, better cell phone will the old one be recycled properly or will it shipped off to some developing country where its corrosion will contaminate the water supply?
Peggy Pate-Smith from Park View Montessori‘s Middle School in Jackson, TN has been thinking about peace. Her blog, appropriately titled Peace is a Choice, logs her thoughts on small and big matters regarding peace. I’ve found it a great place to find out about peace projects, many with a Montessori link, in which students might be interested in participating.
This year I decided to do an experiment with peace. My hypothesis is that if each day I make at least one conscious decision to choose peace in my life AND blog about it that I will find my life more peaceful. I want to move beyond imagining peace and make a deliberate effort to choose peace. Peggy Pate-Smith (2010) in “Peace is a Choice”.
Next year we’ll be focusing on the life sciences, so this year one of my student’s research project was to try to grow some plants using the system we’d set up the year before to see how effective it was and to find out if we could use the plants we grow for a plant sale at the end of the year. I also started some plants at home as did the student’s parents, which served as a reasonable control.
Tomato seedlings.
We learned that you have to account for the different germination times for different plants, and the importance of hardening plants off before taking them outside. We also learned that the greenhouse can get too warm in the spring. While the plants we started at school were not the most successful, it was an extremely useful project nonetheless, otherwise we’d probably have made the same mistakes next year. A pair of temperature/humidity data loggers, for inside and outside the greenhouse, will be extremely useful for monitoring growing conditions.
Pepper seedlings.
The big land-grant universities have fairly good extension services that have a lot of good information online. The University of Missouri’s page on Starting Plants From Seeds is quite useful, although it is not aimed at the organic gardener.
American Marine in Da Nang, Vietnam, August 3, 1965. (Image from the U.S. Marine Corps.)
A slew of ideas and conflicts swirl around the Vietnam War: democracy, communism, dictatorship, freedom, colonialism, domino theory, chemical warfare, technology …. We’re supposed to look at wars through the lens of the “Characteristics of War”, but what do offense and defense mean in a war like Vietnam? A close examination of any of these words in the face of Vietnam leaves more questions than answers. The Boston Globe has a heartbreaking collection of images from the Vietnam War that give a remarkably multifaceted view of the conflict and its consequences. The photos are iconic and some are graphic.
The photographs in the Boston Globe were mostly taken by western photographers (some were from the U.S. military), whose journalistic culture inspired them to try to capture all aspects of the war, to tell the whole story, independent of their own allegiance. There were fewer North Vietnamese photographers and their job was to capture images that would promote their side of the war. Even so, some of their photographs are also amazing and offer another perspective.
Photograph taken by a North Vietnamese war photographer (from SmugMug).
These images help tell the story of how powerful the media can be, particularly in a democracy. What’s also interesting is the youth of many of the combatants on both sides.
