Montessori Muddle – Page 151 – Middle and High School … from a Montessori Point of View

Time

“… he was purchasing time, than which nothing is more precious to a man bent on great achievements” – from Plutarch‘s Life of Sertorious

Without grades and extrinsic rewards, students build much more durable commodities: strength of character and self-motivation. But as I try to manage a classroom there are so many things that could so easily be considered rewards. The most important of these is time.

I feel the significance of time most of all when we have to reschedule P.E. for the end of the day instead of just after lunch. We only do it then when there’s a lot of work that I want to make sure the students get done. It sits there, dangling at the end of the day, if only they’re focused enough, if only they work smoothly and efficiently enough.

It’s clear from the literature, and from my own observations when I do this, that extrinsic rewards reduce creativity and devalue both the work and the reward itself. So I suppose I may just have to say, on those days with too much to be done, that we’ll have to skip P.E. and eliminate the expectation altogether. It’s something I’d prefer not to do, but it’s unrealistic to expect students to give their full though and concentration to a subject while glancing at the clock every five minutes.

Sundial_PSF — Image by Pearson Scott Foresman from Wikimedia Commons.

First frost

greenhouse-reset — Transporting plants into the greenhouse.

The temperature dropped below zero (Celcius) for the first time last Friday night. We’d put back up the greenhouse’s plastic cover, which had blown off a couple weeks ago in a wind storm, but that was not enough to save a couple tomatoes and a squash plant.

It was a good illustration of the effects of freezing on plants not adapted to the colder weather. The leaves all turned black and flopped over, probably because the expanding ice ruptured the cell walls.

It also indicates that I need to get at temperature data-logger so I can monitor the temperature inside and outside the greenhouse. In the spring I hope to start a bunch of plants inside but put them into the greenhouse at the first opportunity, but I’ll need to make sure that greenhouse can support them. The data logger will also allow for some interesting experiments.

Saudade

Saudade:
Pronunciation: (from Forvo)
Definition: Portuguese – One of the most beautiful of all words, translatable or not, this word “refers to the feeling of longing for something or someone that you love and which is lost.” Fado music, a type of mournful singing, relates to saudade. (from Jason Wire at MatadorNetwork)

The beauty of the words in Jason Wire’s list, “20 Awesomely Untranslatable Words from Around the World” is that they express somewhat complex emotional concepts.

Last week I had to explain the English word, nostalgia. Its meaning was a little difficult to convey because, when you think about it, to feel nostalgic you need to have had a certain amount of self-reflection. Self-reflection is typically not a strong point of early adolescence, which is why we have Personal World every day.

Then I came across Jason Wire’s list, and there are some wonderful words on there, but the one that resonates right now is the Portuguese “saudade”. I like how it is subtly different from nostalgia, but I also like that there is an entire genre of music, fado, that embodies the word.

NPR has a great review of fado artist, Ana Moura:

Also, in looking up the pronunciation of the word I came across the Forvo website. It has recordings of people saying words from around the world, so you can hear the sounds of words from native speakers. I chose the one in this post, a female Portuguese voice (), because it seems to capture the poignant emotion of the word quite well.

Imagemaps with the GIMP

I’m just testing out a simple image map created with the GIMP. The GIMP is a free image manipulation software, a bit like Photoshop, not quite as sophisticated, but free. I used GimpTalk‘s very helpful guide. I though it would be easiest if I used something from a previous post as a test.

You should be able to click on the cell walls, chloroplasts, vacuole and nucleus. The links take you to the associated Wikipedia pages, but that’s just because this is a quick and dirty example. Image maps have been around for a long time, but I believe this is the first time I’ve ever created one. Now I just need to animate it a bit.

Unfortunately, this image is not easily scalable, though it should not be too hard to find (or write) a script to do just that.

Humans, 90% bacteria + 10% us

90% of the cells in your body are bacteria and other provocative facts about the Domain Bacteria are the subject of a great but long article by Valarie Brown.

[R]esearchers have also discovered unique populations adapted to the inside of the elbow and the back of the knee. Even the left and right hands have their own distinct biota, and the microbiomes of men and women differ. The import of this distribution of microorganisms is unclear, but its existence reinforces the notion that humans should start thinking of themselves as ecosystems, rather than discrete individuals.
—Brown (2010), in Miller-McCune.

The article makes for great reading during this cycle’s work on classification systems and evolution. One choice paragraph summarizes the fundamental differences between the domains of life:

There’s such ferment afoot in microbiology today that even the classification of the primary domains of life and the relationships among those domains are subjects of disagreement. For the purposes of this article, we’ll focus on the fundamental difference between two major types of life-forms: those that have a cell wall but few or no internal subdivisions, and those that possess cells containing a nucleus, mitochondria, chloroplasts and other smaller substructures, or organelles. The former life-forms — often termed prokaryotes — include bacteria and the most ancient of Earth’s life-forms, the archaea. (Until the 1970s, archaea and bacteria were classed together, but the chemistry of archaean cell walls and other features are quite different from bacteria, enabling them to live in extreme environments such as Yellowstone’s mud pots and hyperacidic mine tailings.) Everything but archaea and bacteria, from plants and animals to fungi and malaria parasites, is classified as a eukaryote.
—Brown (2010).

bacteria-cell — Bacteria are prokaryotes. Image by Mariana Ruiz Villarreal.

Brown also gets into a discussion of if bacteria think:

[B]acteria that have antibiotic-resistance genes advertise the fact, attracting other bacteria shopping for those genes; the latter then emit pheromones to signal their willingness to close the deal. These phenomena, Herbert Levine’s group argues, reveal a capacity for language long considered unique to humans.
—Brown (2010).

Trimming this article down would probably make it a good source reading for a Socratic Dialogue.

Bacteria are the sine qua non for life, and the architects of the complexity humans claim for a throne. The grand story of human exceptionalism — the idea that humans are separate from and superior to everything else in the biosphere — has taken a terminal blow from the new knowledge about bacteria. Whether humanity decides to sanctify them in some way or merely admire them and learn what they’re really doing, there’s no going back.
—Brown (2010).